File System
Walks the NTFS master file table ($MFT) as a folder tree. You are not looking at the disk - you
are reading the file metadata as it stood when the evidence was collected.
If artifacts are facts that have been extracted, this is the evidence as it was collected. Use it when you need something the extraction rules did not pull out, or when you need the context around something an artifact showed you.
Walking the tree
The tree on the left expands project → host → partition → folder; clicking a folder lists its files in the grid. Each level is fetched when you open it, so a large disk does not have to be loaded up front.
Created, modified and accessed times are there alongside size and path, which makes this the
place to ask what was written at a given moment. Traces of deleted files show up too, as long as
$MFT still holds their records.
Where a file came from
The Zone.Identifier stream NTFS keeps in an alternate data stream (ADS) is read as well.
Windows attaches it to anything downloaded from the internet to record where it came from, so
these columns tell you how a file arrived:
| Column | What it is |
|---|---|
| Download URL | The address the file was fetched from |
| Referrer URL | The page that led to that address |
| Security zone | Internet, local intranet and the rest of Windows' own classification |
This is how you trace the way a malicious file got in. To see only the files that carry a URL, the Artifacts screen's Initial access → Internet-downloaded files gets you there faster.
Zone.Identifier is written by browsers and mail clients, so a file extracted from an archive orcarried in on a USB stick will not have one. Its absence does not mean the file did not come from
the internet.
How you investigate here
Results are handled the same way the Artifacts screen handles them. Right-click a cell to filter
on its value, watch the conditions stack up in the chip bar as the query they stand for
(Ctrl+Q clears them), star a record to tag it and leave a note, and click a row for the detail
panel with every field and tag on it. There is more in
Artifacts.
The filter bar is shared with the other browsing screens, so settling on a host and a time range once lets you carry that scope from screen to screen.
routinely carry timestamps from years back, and a narrow range can exclude all of them.
Next: Registry.